Anthrax in Plaster Testing Although now rare, anthrax was once an occupational hazard in the production of traditional building materials. The disease is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming bacterium that can survive in the environment for decades. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, animal hair from horses, cattle, and goats was commonly used to reinforce plaster and lime-based renders. If the hair came from infected animals and was not properly sterilised, it could carry dormant anthrax spores into the finished materials.
Today, the risk of exposure is very low, but certain historic buildings may still contain viable spores within plaster, insulation, or render. Disturbing these materials during refurbishment or demolition could pose a health risk if the appropriate precautions are not taken. At Envirochem, we offer testing to identify anthrax spores in suspect materials. Our team works with you to assess risk levels and advise on evidence-led control measures in line with current safety and heritage guidance.
What We Test
We support the testing of historic and heritage materials where the presence of Bacillus anthracis spores may be a concern. The materials most commonly submitted include:
- Horsehair plaster and lime renders used in ceilings or walls
- Animal-hair insulation within lath-and-plaster structures
- Older building materials from pre-1930s refurbishment or demolition sites
- Debris or dust produced during the disturbance of suspect plaster
All samples are prepared under controlled conditions and submitted through an approved specialist testing route, that uses recognised microbiological methods to detect and confirm the presence of viable anthrax spores.
Our Process
Each project begins with an initial discussion to understand the building’s age, construction materials, and the nature of your planned works. Where anthrax risk is possible, we provide guidance on safe, proportionate sampling methods and can attend site to collect material directly if needed.
Samples are handled under strict chain-of-custody procedures and processed through a specialist laboratory pathway that follows recognised microbiological protocols. Once results are available, we help you assess the level of risk and determine appropriate next steps. These may include controlled removal, encapsulation, or specific site-safety measures for contractors.
We also work closely with project teams, surveyors, and heritage specialists to ensure that any recommended actions align with both safety requirements and conservation considerations.
When Is Testing Required?
You may require anthrax testing if:
- Your building contains original plasterwork or renders dated pre-1930s
- You are planning works that will disturb horsehair plaster or similar materials
- The property has a history of agricultural, veterinary, or tannery use
- There are unexplained health symptoms or contamination concerns linked to older plaster
- You are working on a listed or heritage site requiring sensitive, evidence-led intervention
If you’re unsure whether anthrax testing is appropriate for your site, our experts can help assess the likelihood and advise on a safe course of action.
Compliance and Risk Considerations
Anthrax is a notifiable disease and a serious biological hazard. Although dormant spores pose little risk when undisturbed, they can become a significant health threat if inhaled during refurbishment or demolition. Where this risk is foreseeable, it must be assessed and managed appropriately.
UK guidance from the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) outlines the responsibilities of employers and contractors when working with suspect materials. Under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations, and the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015, there is a legal duty to assess and control biological risks during construction activity.
Failure to identify or manage anthrax contamination could lead to site closure, enforcement action, reputational damage, or health consequences for workers and the public. Early testing provides clarity, reduces liability, and supports the safe planning of heritage or high-risk refurbishments.
Why Choose Envirochem?
At Envirochem, we understand that dealing with rare biological hazards requires calm, evidence-led advice. Our team includes experienced chemists and microbiologists who are familiar with both the history of anthrax in building materials and the importance of discretion when working on sensitive sites.
We work collaboratively with project teams, conservation bodies, and contractors to ensure that risks are addressed practically and without unnecessary disruption. Whether you are managing a historic estate, undertaking a condition survey, or planning sensitive refurbishment, we provide clear advice and practical next steps to help you make informed decisions and maintain control over site safety.
Speak to Our Team
If you believe your site may contain historic materials at risk of anthrax contamination, get in touch with our expert team. We’ll help you assess the likelihood and determine whether testing is necessary for safe and compliant project delivery.
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