Why Workplace Noise Exposure Is a Growing Health Risk in the UK

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) remains one of the most preventable yet under-recognised occupational health risks of today. In 2024, the HSE reinforced its focus on workplace noise exposure, signalling a renewed emphasis on employers' legal duties under the Control of Noise at Work Regulations. As many industries continue to rely heavily on hearing protection over long-term noise control strategies, this article explores the scale of the problem, the consequences of inaction, and the practical steps available to reduce harm and protect hearing health in and beyond the workplace.

How Common Is Work-Related Hearing Loss?

Work-related hearing loss is more widespread than many assume. In the UK alone, an estimated 12,000 workers experience hearing problems caused or worsened by occupational noise. Across the European Union, millions are exposed to hazardous noise levels daily, making noise-induced hearing loss the most common occupational disease ahead of skin and respiratory conditions. Globally, NIHL is projected to rank among the top 15 causes of disease burden by 2030 and already carries an estimated economic cost of £25.5 billion per year. Certain industries, such as construction, manufacturing, agriculture, and transportation, exhibit particularly high rates of noise-induced hearing loss due to the inherent nature of their operations and the machinery involved.

The Hidden Impacts of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

The health consequences of occupational noise-induced hearing loss extend far beyond the auditory system, impacting various aspects of an individual's life. Many individuals with hearing loss experience social isolation, struggling to take part in conversations or group activities and often resulting in feelings of loneliness and exclusion. The psychological impact can also be significant, with increased risks of anxiety, depression, and even cognitive decline—with recent research linking untreated hearing loss to a higher likelihood of developing dementia. The constant effort required to process auditory information with impaired hearing can also lead to mental fatigue and reduced cognitive performance, which may affect concentration, job efficiency, and overall wellbeing at work.

The Role of Hearing Protection and Fit Testing

Effective management of occupational noise exposure necessitates a multifaceted approach that encompasses engineering controls, administrative measures, and personal protective equipment (PPE). Engineering controls target the source of the noise, and include measures such as implementing noise barriers, dampening equipment vibrations, and using quieter machinery. Administrative measures focus on modifying work schedules and practices to minimise worker exposure to noise, such as implementing job rotation, providing quiet break areas, and remote monitoring of high noise machinery.

When engineering and administrative controls alone are not enough to reduce noise exposure to safe levels, (PPE) plays a vital role. Earplugs and earmuffs should be properly selected and fitted to workers, with their use supported by clear training and supervision. However, the use of hearing protection devices is often the first port of call when organisations attempt to address noise exposure, as engineering and other preferable controls are often poorly understood, seen as ineffective, or deemed overly expensive. This dependence on hearing protection relies on correct use and wear and necessitates appropriate training and supervision. A large problem with reliance on hearing protection is that these devices often do not offer the level of real-world protection that is expected. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the USA, along with the UK Hearing Conservation Association, have recently issued guidance on hearing protection fit-testing. This approach determines a personal attenuation rating, which provides a more accurate measure of the actual noise reduction achieved by an individual wearer. It is likely that fit-testing will soon become a benchmark standard, similar to RPE fit testing.

Understanding Hearing Loss Beyond the Workplace

Wider strategies for hearing conservation can also prove problematic. For most individuals, it is difficult to identify the specific causes of hearing loss, making it nearly impossible to separate occupational NIHL from other causes such as ototoxic chemical exposure, infection, or recreational noise. In fact, for many people—particularly younger individuals—the main source of harmful noise exposure is recreational, such as listening to loud music or attending concerts and events. Encouragingly, awareness of hearing health risks outside the workplace is growing. Mobile apps now track headphone volume and estimate daily exposure, whilst hearing protection designed for recreational use is becoming more widely available and socially accepted.

However, it is also important to recognise people who work in these recreational environments. Non-traditional workplaces can expose workers to significant noise levels, and musicians, night club and venue workers can receive daily (or nightly!) noise exposures on par to those faced by construction workers, whilstthose working in coffee shops can expect to be exposed to noise levels similar to those within manufacturing settings. Addressing these concerns requires novel approaches to noise control, along with industry-wide recognition and collaborative solutions.

How We Help

In conclusion, addressing occupational NIHL requires a holistic approach – integrating workplace interventions with broader public health strategies. Further research is needed to refine prevention strategies, evaluate intervention effectiveness, and understand the long-term impact of noise exposure on hearing health, both in and out of the workplace.

At Envirochem, we work with organisations to assess and manage noise exposure risks in line with HSE guidance and the Control of Noise at Work Regulations. Our noise testing and mapping services provide practical, evidence-based insights to support effective noise-control strategies. By identifying high-risk areas and visualising exposure levels, we help duty-holders designate appropriate hearing protection zones, implement targeted interventions, and build a safer working environment that prioritises employee wellbeing and regulatory compliance.

For more information on how Envirochem can assist, visit our Occupational Hygiene Services page or get in touch with one of our experts today.